Now that we have examined in detail The Major Attributes of Leadership defined by Napoleon Hill, plus several addendum of my own, it is also important for those who would be leaders (those who would be Princes) to acknowledge and meditate upon those things which prevent a leader from being successful.  Without successful leadership skills, a would be Prince or Princess might never achieve their goals in life, whether financially or or in any other endeavor that requires the support and fellowship of others. Therefore, we will now begin to review and dissect what Napoleon Hill identifies as the “10 Major Causes of Failure in Leadership” in his book “Think and Grow Rich”.

1 – INABILITY TO ORGANISE DETAILS:
“Efficient leadership calls for ability to organise and to master details. No genuine leader is ever ‘too busy’ to do anything which may be required as a leader. When a leader or follower is ‘too busy’ to change plans or give attention to any emergency, it is an indication of inefficiency. The successful leader must be the master of all details connected with the position. That means, of course, that the habit of delegating details to capable lieutenants must be acquired.” (by: Napoleon Hill: Think and Grow Rich)

Recently I have had several conversations with a variety of associates about this much miss-understood but very important component of a great leader. There are two factors that come into play in avoiding the trap described above.

First … Every great leader must understand that they have an ethical obligation to those they serve to at all times be operating at, and occupied with those tasks, that represent the highest and best use of their time. In other words, a great leader must by necessity, push down all work that CAN be performed by someone else to those individuals. This frees up the time of the leader to ONLY be occupied with the activities that NO ONE ELSE can do. Frankly, doing the things that no one else can do, almost by definition, means that the occupation of a leader is to be absorbed in the most stressful and difficult activities of the endeavor … but such is the burden of leadership.

Secondly … Every great leader should also not be afraid to lead by example, being willing to perform, and occasionally actually performing tasks, which might normally be relegated to the lowest level employee or follower.

How do we reconcile these two apparently opposite edicts? By understanding that there are, at times, strategic reasons for performing lower level tasks that in that moment make doing so the “highest and best use” of the leader’s time and energy. Let me give you an example:

Recently, I finished the development of a boutique hotel project for a client of mine. Acting as the “Owner’s Representative”, at any point in time, I had hundreds of people reporting directly or indirectly to me. That was on just this one project. On any given day, I am directing the activities of upwards of 300 people, managing an annual cash flow of tens of millions of dollars. My highest and best use is in restricting myself to making decisions valued at least $100,000 in scope and delegating any activities of lesser impact. However, in this case, on opening day, the project site was still a mess despite my having hounded the contractor for several months to get prepared for the grand opening. Whether there was negligence, whether the staff all felt that clean-up duty was beneath them, or whether there was just a lack of professional pride in the work, here we were at opening day and the property was a mess, not suitable for receiving guests.

I arrived at the site at 5:30 AM and started cleaning up the site with my own two hands. By 7:30 AM as the project team started to arrive I had made a noticeable dent. Upon arriving for work and seeing their fearless leader getting his hands dirty doing menial work, staff immediately and with vigor started to throw their backs into clean-up duty. Within a half-hour, over thirty people were motivated to working on getting the project site clean and orderly. In approximately three hours, the entire property was looking clean and ready to greet guests … well before the 3PM deadline. You see, at that moment in time, my highest and best use as a leader was to inspire my followers to action whether through pride, comeraderie or shame, and it was a successful leadership tactic.

A leader who is paying attention to the details and displays willingness to become integrally involved in their execution can inspire followers to greatness. A leader who refuses to get involved in the minutiae of the endeavor risks failure through lack of strong leadership.

“The whole is greater than the sum of its parts”.

It it is your job as a leader to inspire the parts to both individual and collective greatness.

The Major Attributes of Leadership #14:

Persistence: The world of business and entrepreneurship … the world in which Princes and Princesses are forged … tests the resolve of Leaders by throwing up many roadblocks to success. Such obstacles range from twists of fate to outright opposition from competitors or those who feel jealous over our success. No one who accepts failure, from themselves or from others, can be a great leader. Any worthwhile endeavor will need to overcome many challenges before success and profitability are met.  Here are a few examples of persistence and the rewards it yields:

  • Thomas Edison is said to have failed in his attempts to invent the light bulb 1,000 times. When a reporter asked how it felt to fail 1,000 times he observed, “I did not fail 1,000 times, the light bulb was an invention that required 1,000 steps to succeed”.
  • Henry Ford failed 5 times before succeeding with the automobile assembly line.
  • Michael Jordan was cut from his high school basketball team. He said, “I have failed many times, that is why I succeed”.

The fact that realizing success requires persistence is how the universe filters out those who deserve success from those who do not. Refusal to accept defeat is the evidence of “Belief” and the energy of belief (or faith) is an immutable force that yields tangible results.  It is a law of the universe no different than the law of gravity.  You can’t see it, but the evidence of its existence is incontrovertible.

One of the pieces of fatherly wisdom that I have shared with my daughter many times is the following quote which I coined:

“Nothing worth doing is easy, and nothing easy is worth doing”.

Great leaders do not accept failure as an option. Obstacles are perceived as opportunities, not ends. Persistence, hand in hand with flexibility and good humor, enable the creative and resourceful leader to draw the best out of his or her followers and inspire confidence in the inevitability of success and profitability for all involved.

The Major Attributes of Leadership #13:

Good Humor: Another “Core Value” that I have found to be integral to great leaders is a sense of humor. Not just in the form of telling jokes or sharing anecdotes to entertain, but more importantly by having a good humor about changing circumstances, challenges, turns of fortune and in trying to fill the emotional needs of our followers. A great leader, while not taking risk or potential failure lightly, still can see the irony in changing events, politics, economics, market trends, etc. and laugh in the face of what some may see as disaster.

Leaders who become overly excited or exacerbated due to turns of fate and stomp around yelling, pointing fingers and creating mayhem are called “fire starters”.  Nobody wants to work in an environment where everything becomes a fire drill, where the consequences of things not going perfectly are painted as disaster and the office or business is always in a state of panic.  Living with that much adrenaline in one’s body constantly is actually very unhealthy.  Workers will eventually throw in the towel and seek a less stressful environment, leaving the Prince without any subjects to support his/her goals.

Our followers are very much a reflection of ourselves emotionally and in how they handle stress and challenge. If a leader cannot see the humor in the day to day struggles and meet these with a light heart and buoyant spirit, the spirit of the entire office, team or endeavor may become deflated, somber, counterproductive. Followers look to the leader to get a sense of promise. A leader who meets challenges with a sense of good humor in effect sends the message to the followers that “this is no big deal, we can get through this and everything will be alright”.

I once counseled a business owner who had a Chief Operations Officer that was a “fire starter”.  He was only happy when the entire office was in an uproar.  My advice to the Owner: “your COO needs to be more of a shepherd and less of a band leader”. “What do you mean?” he asked. “A band leader strives to create a tremendous amount of noise.  Sometimes the noise is in harmony, sometimes not, but living day in and day out with that much constant noise will eventually wear a person out. They will shut down or shut it out, and then, at best, they becomes disenfranchised, the work becomes just a 9-5 job to them and commitment suffers.  A shepherd, on the other hand, coaxes the flock, makes the flock feel safe and protected and eventually, the flock will follow the shepherd with complete trust and confidence that their destination will be a happy place for all.”

There is a saying in the sales profession: “Assume the close”. This means that if you act as though the buyer is definitely going to buy and take steps in that direction, (such as beginning to fill out paperwork or asking the buyer “did you want that in red or in blue?”) the buyer will likely follow along and before they know it, they have made the decision to purchase, because not purchasing was never an option.

This is similar to a leader displaying good humor about bad turns of events. Followers will get the message that failure, despite whatever is happening, is not a consideration, that success is simply a matter of applying the correct effort, attitude, business plan modifications or whatever the case may be … but success will come. With this mindset, our followers will not falter, stumble or fade in their resolve and support of our leadership.  They will follow us to that happy place, supporting our Princely endeavors along the way.

The Major Attributes of leadership #12:

Now going off-script (relative to the observations of Napoleon Hill) with some observations of my own, guided and influenced by some of the best leaders I have had the pleasure of working with …

Leaders need “core values”, which they can impart to their followers to inspire and promote the best they can get out of those who serve them and whom they serve. It is a truly symbiotic relationship. As I have stated earlier in these blogs … the goal is to ensure the whole is greater than the sum of its parts … that the inspiration of the leader elevates the followers to give and accomplish far more than they even realize they are capable of.

So … #12: Flexibility:

A leader cannot be rigid and inflexible. We live in the most dynamic and diverse (not to mention challenging) time in history. The face of business, information, technology and the economy change very quickly and it is nearly impossible to predict and control what happens from day to day.  In fact, I would go so far as to say that “Control is an illusion”. People become very rigid in their plans and expectations and when “control” slips through their fingers, they become angry, frustrated, irrational, even vengeful. The reality is that there is very little in our lives or the circumstances of our daily activities that we actually control.  In law this is called “Force Majeure”, which loosely means things which no one can control … things like weather, labor shortages, the affairs of sovereign nations which may result in war, affecting supply chains or raw materials costs, etc.  Indeed, control is an illusion that can easily set a Leader up to fail if flexibility is lacking.

Followers cannot be demeaned or criticized for circumstances they may have no control over, nor can a good leader be arbitrarily punitive. A good leader must understand that the path to the goal rarely, if ever, follows the map outlined at the outset of a venture. Therefore, being flexible and creative in response to changing circumstances and demands is an absolute necessity if we expect our followers to continue to grow in their faith and trust in our leadership. Rigidity and lack of flexibility will only generate frustration and defeatism in the ranks of our followers.

The Major Attributes of Leadership (#11 of 11):

“Cooperation”: Successful leaders must understand and apply the principle of cooperative effort and be able to induce followers to do the same. Leadership calls for POWER and power calls for COOPERATION.  (From: Think and Grow Rich by Napoleon Hill) …

One of my favorite quotes goes as follows: “Early in life, we are concerned with our own success … but once we become true leaders we are concerned with the success of others”.

The truism here is that concern for only our own success, welfare and pocketbook by its nature alienates us from those whom we want to follow us. Regardless of education, people can easily sense a “one-way” relationship. By alienating potential followers, what we are left with is just our own limited resources of time, expertise, effort and funding. In essence, our “footprint” on the earth is small. Sadly, a great many people are fine with this and greedily hoard all rewards of success for themselves, thereby doing little or nothing to improve the world around them. However, by encouraging cooperative effort, by empowering our followers to be and do their best, and by sharing the rewards of success generously with them … in other words, becoming concerned with their success ahead of our own … what happens is that the cooperative efforts of the whole become greater than the sum of the parts. We generate an army of doers, thinkers, executers and leaders in their own right whose collective footprint on the earth becomes massive. This is the only way that a leader of vision can see their vision yield results both spectacular and earth-changing.

Think: Nelson Mandela, Lech Walesa, Martin Luther King Jr.

Without leading through a spirit of cooperation, the impact of these men would have past on with end of their life or the sunset of their position of power and/or influence. Instead, the movements of such leaders has changed the world scene perhaps forever, with great masses of people benefitting from the collective efforts.  If you want to be a Prince or Princess … you need to see beyond your own gratification.

The major attributes of Leadership (#10 of 11):

Willingness to assume full responsibility: Successfull leaders must be willing to assume responsibility for the mistakes and shortcomings of their followers. If they try to shift this responsibility, they will not remain leaders. If followers make mistakes and become incompetent, it is the leader who has failed.  (From: “Think and Grow Rich” by Napoleon Hill)

Truth be told … I started to blog about this attribute of leadership last weekend … but I could not finish due to demands on my time but, during the course of the last week, much has come into focus.

On the surface, this law of leadership seems a hard pill to swallow. How can one be truly responsible for the mistakes and shortcomings of one’s followers? They are, after all free agents with the right of choice and have factors and drivers in their lives which may divert their loyalty. Yet, I know in my heart that this principle is a truth that cannot be circumvented. A leader is responsible for the successes, and failures of the followers. In other words … the buck stops here.

How then, does one accept such responsibility in a world fraught with mediocrity, selfishness and carelessness?

A true leader shoulders the weight of the follower’ doubts, insecurities and shortcomings. He or she does so as an investment into the future of the team and the endeavor. By shouldering and carrying these shortcomings and simultaneously mentoring and empowering ones followers to rise to their highest potential, a leader sets the team up for future success and smooth sailing. A leader is NOT just concerned with today’s success, nor the short lived praise that comes from short lived success at the expense of the weak. A true leader is in it for the long-haul, and therefore will shoulder the failings of the team if doing so ensures long term success of the whole.

But what if there are those who refuse to respond and grow with the leader’s empowerment plan? Such people are a cancer that can rot the whole despite a leader’s best efforts. That is where the lessons of this week come into play.

A Leader, in order to empower his or her team and lead them to success, also has an ethical obligation to excise any cancer from the body of the team. Last month, we had to fire our architect and engage a replacement for our project in Park City, UT.  The terminated architect refused to follow direction and play as part of a team. They superimposed their own vision onto the project which lead to our initial budget estimates from our contractor coming in over $4.5 million over budget. They committed the cardinal sin of architecture: “Design something that will never be built because the market won’t support the costs.  A decision had to be made … for the sake of not just the Developer’s pocket-book, but for the hundreds families who would be put out of work because the project would be cancelled and the designers, builders, inspectors, materials vendors, etc. would not have the project to execute. Therefore, in behalf of the Owner and the families of our team, I fired the architect and hired a replacement.  After 5-weeks of re-design and re-tooling, our budget estimate came back from our contractor yesterday on-target. The team is on-track and the endeavor is saved, assuring jobs for hundreds of families.

Yes … A leader must accept full responsibility for the actions, successes and failures of the followers, but a true leader also has the moral and ethical obligation to protect the whole from the transgressions of a part. Empowered by this ethical obligation, it is easy, even joyful, for a leader to carry this weight.

The Major Attributes of Leadership (#9 of 11):

9. Mastery of Detail: Successful leadership calls for mastery of details of the Leader’s position.
(From: Think and Grow Rich by Napoleon Hill)

We continue our examination of Napoleon Hill’s landmark work by discussing at length this essential facet of great leadership:

Like the first five characteristics of a great leader (see prior Blogs) this item inspires confidence and faith in one’s followers. Personality character details like #’s 6, 7 & 8 engender loyalty and love from one’s followers, but love lacking confidence can only create a limited momentum to one’s purpose. Without displaying a mastery of the details (a thorough understanding) of every aspect of the goal set forth by a great leader, we can never rightly expect our followers to follow blindly (i.e.: accepting that our direction will succeed with confidence even when they do not fully comprehend the entire plan themselves). Therefore, early in a leadership role, it behooves a great leader to display mastery over the execution of details. Explaining the why and how of plan elements and putting them into context for our followers and then demonstrating the exact result that we expect by performing the task ourselves as an example to be followed.

As an example:  At a resort project that I am developing for my client and his investors, my role is that of an administrator and business plan manager. However, I also seek to be a facilitator. An administrator may point to something and tell a group to go do it. A facilitator will also step in to fill missing roles and bridge gaps to ensure that the team members have the tools and resources they need to pull all of the pieces together efficiently. I have also sought to empathize with my team by showing them that I understand the intricacies of their individual jobs. Therefore, I have performed plumbing, carpentry, electrical, lock-smith, painting and labor work side by side with my team, as well as design, engineering, architectural, code compliance & municipal liaison and negotiations efforts. All, of course, to a limited degree and atop of the main reason for my being here, which is to manage the budget, cash-flow, schedule, product quality and delivery. However, by demonstrating to the team that I know each and every one of their jobs, my goal has been two-fold. One, to let them know that I understand each of their individual challenges, but two, to ensure they are aware they cannot fool me in any way. That I can see everything in its appropriate context and will hold each of them accountable for what I know they are capable of.  And, of course, I only do these things enough to establish the proper atmosphere of personal responsibility and high expectations, since painting or carpentry is obviously not the highest and best use of my time.

The point is that mastering the details of one’s leadership position lends truth to an expression I have used on many occasions: “People will live up to, or down to, your expectations of them.”  If you expect a lot from your followers in full knowledge of their capabilities, then that is what you will get. If you expect little from them, perhaps because you yourself do not have mastery over the details, then little is what you will get (and what you will deserve).

The Major Attributes of Leadership (#8 of 11):

8. Sympathy and Understanding: Successful leaders must be in sympathy with their followers. Moreover, they must understand them and their problems.
(From: Think and Grow Rich by Napoleopn Hill).

Leaders who rule by fear and anxiety will never draw out the best that their followers have to give. Sympathy and understanding breed loyalty and trust. It is only through loyalty that employees, vendors, consultants and other followers wholeheartedly accept your (the Leader’s) interests, goals and vision as their own. Only when the followers take the leader’s vision into their hearts can they execute on the vision at greater than the anticipated result. Through sympathy and understanding, the whole becomes greater than the sum of its parts. Something magical happens. The combined efforts of your followers will yield a result that far exceeds what logic and accounting say it should. The return on investment for your sympathy and understanding is that your followers want you to succeed because they truly love you and will sacrifice their own interests for you.

I have had this experience as a follower with several clients for whom I would take a bullet. I also experience this daily in the respect and admiration of the hundreds of men and women who follow me on a daily basis through the Hurculean efforts they expend to help me achieve my client’s goals.

One note: There are some people who, no matter how much you invest into them in sympathy and understanding, will never reciprocate with loyalty. You will know them when you meet them. These people are leaches, takers, selfish and disloyal. They may never change. You must immediately and decisively cut these people out of your lives without mercy or hesitation. You cannot and must not sacrifice your own future to spare the feelings of people who will never appreciate it.  You also owe it to your loyal followers to protect them from the rotten apples that would spoil the bushel.

The Major Attributes of Leadership (#7 of 11):

7. A Pleasing Personality: No slovenly, careless person can become a successful leader. Leadership calls for respect. Followers will not respect leaders who do not score highly on all factors of a pleasing personality. (From: Think and Grow Rich by Napoleon Hill).

In the 1970’s brute force and bullying were the norm among management. Over the last several decades, managers and leaders who truly excel at accomplishing great things through inspiring their resources (people who follow them), have learned that it is much more effective to motivate followers to perform at their highest potential because they truly “buy in” to the mission statement of your endeavor. I recently have been managing the development of a new resort hotel property for one of my clients in a somewhat remote area.  It is remote at least in terms of access to skilled trades people and professional constructors. The project has been beset by many challenges, but by inspiring loyalty and trust in the project management team, the entire atmosphere of the work has turned from the typical selfishness and ego driven construction site to an atmosphere where everyone gives 120% of themselves towards the common goal. Much credit goes to my client, the Owner for his investment in the team, but putting in the effort to lead through an example of patience, flexibility, persistence, good humor and absolute faith has allowed me to draw more out of each team member than they knew they had to give, and they are happy to step up because they are proud to be part of such a tremendous effort that is changing the social and economic face of the local community.

The Major Attributes of Leadership (#6 of 11):

6. The habit of doing more than paid for: One of the penalties of leadership is the necessity of willingness, upon the part of the leader, to do more than they require of their followers. (from: Think and Grow Rich by Napoleon Hill)

In days past, a society was “ideally” led by the most virtuous and hardest working member … the Prince. Even here in the United States, our leaders historically were men who had proven themselves effective leaders on the battlefield through acts of courage, valor and self-sacrifice. Somehow, in modern history, this concept has been largely lost. Financial leaders have become those who are the most shrewd, often taking advantage of the weakness of others. Political leaders have become those most effective at raising money and forging alliances with special interest groups. Social leaders have become those most effective at self-promotion. Qualities such as loyalty, kindness, charity and humility become harder and harder to find in our leaders.

I have had the tremendous pleasure and good fortune to be associated with a number of men and women over the years who’s leadership has been of such a fine caliber that the effect has been to elevate those around them, to raise the standard of character of everyone whom they lead so that all are able to share in the wealth and joy of success.

A good leader never asks anyone to do anything they would not be willing to do themselves. However they are also acutely aware that ethical service to their followers also requires a leader to at all times be engaged in activity that is the highest and best use of their time, asking those less capable to fill in the supporting tasks. It is a fine line to walk, for sure, but a Prince who can balance such humility with courageous leadership provides a fine example that motivates our followers; our support system; to give their all in supporting Princely goals, the accomplishment of which makes everyone a winner.